Rosh Hashanah 25

Chapter 25

א ודלמא לא עייל כלל וקאמר רחמנא תשמט ותיזיל עד חג הסוכות
1 But perhaps even though it has not begun to ripen at all, the All-Merciful has still laid down that it is to be left alone until the feast of Tabernacles? - Do not imagine such a thing. For it is written, and the feast of ingathering [asif] at the end of the year.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXIII, 16.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב לא סלקא דעתך דכתיב (שמות כג, טז) וחג האסיף בצאת השנה מאי אסיף אילימא חג הבא בזמן אסיפה הכתיב באספך
2 Now what is 'ingathering'? Shall I say it means the feast which comes at the time of ingathering?
ג אלא מאי אסיף קציר וקים להו לרבנן דכל תבואה שנקצרה בחג בידוע שהביאה שליש לפני ראש השנה וקא קרי לה בצאת השנה
3 This is already signified in the words when thou gatherest in.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid.');"><sup>2</sup></span> What then must be meant here by asif?
ד א"ל ר' ירמיה לר' זירא וקים להו לרבנן בין שליש לפחות משליש א"ל לאו אמינא לך לא תפיק נפשך לבר מהלכתא כל מדות חכמים כן הוא
4 Harvesting;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The verse meaning that the harvest gathered in at this season belongs to the year going out.');"><sup>3</sup></span> and the Rabbis take it for granted that all produce which is harvested by Tabernacles must have grown to a third by New Year, and Scripture applies to it the words at the end of the year.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows that it is regarded as belonging to the year which is going out.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה בארבעים סאה הוא טובל בארבעים סאה חסר קורטוב אינו יכול לטבול בהן כביצה מטמא טומאת אוכלין כביצה חסר שומשום אינו מטמא טומאת אוכלין
5 Said R'Jeremiah to R'Zera: And were the Rabbis certain that there is this distinction between a third and less than a third?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., that what is grown to a third belongs to one year, and what is less grown to another year. This seems to R. Jeremiah rather arbitrary.');"><sup>5</sup></span> He replied to him: Am I not always telling you not to let yourself go beyond the established rule?
ו שלשה על שלשה מטמא מדרס שלשה על שלשה חסר נימא אחת אינו מטמא מדרס
6 All the measurements laid down by the Sages are of this nature. In forty se'ahs [of water] a ritual bath may be taken; in forty se'ahs less a kurtub<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A small liquid measure equal to 1/64 of a log.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז הדר א"ר ירמיה לאו מילתא היא דאמרי דבעו מיניה חברייא מרב כהנא עומר שהקריבו ישראל בכניסתן לארץ מהיכן הקריבוהו אם תאמר דעייל ביד נכרי (ויקרא כג, י) קצירכם אמר רחמנא ולא קציר נכרי
7 it may not be taken. [A quantity of food equal to the] size of an egg can be rendered unclean as foodstuff; if it is short of that quantity by a grain it cannot be rendered unclean.
ח ממאי דאקריבו דלמא לא אקריבו לא ס"ד דכתיב (יהושע ה, יא) ויאכלו מעבור הארץ ממחרת הפסח ממחרת הפסח אכול מעיקרא לא אכול דאקריבו עומר והדר אכלי מהיכן הקריבו
8 [A piece of cloth] three handbreadths by three can be rendered unclean by being trodden on,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By one who had a flux.');"><sup>7</sup></span> less than this quantity by one hair is not so rendered unclean.
ט אמר להן כל שלא הביא שליש ביד נכרי
9 R'Jeremiah subsequently said: What I said is of no account. For R'Kahana was asked by members of the college, Whence did the Israelites bring the omer which they offered on their entry into the Land [of Israel]?
י ודלמא עייל ולא קים להו אלא קים להו הכא נמי קים להו
10 If you say, it grew<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A third (Rashi) .');"><sup>8</sup></span> while still in the possession of the heathen, [this cannot be, since] the All Merciful prescribed your harvest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ye shall bring the sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest. Lev. XXIII, 10.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יא ודלמא לא עייל כלל אבל היכא דעייל ריבעא בין שליש לפחות משליש לא קים להו
11 and not the harvest of the stranger. <sup>10</sup>
יב לא סלקא דעתך דכתיב (יהושע ד, יט) והעם עלו מן הירדן בעשור לחדש ואי ס"ד דלא עייל כלל בחמשה יומי מי קא מליא
12 On the morrow after the Passover they ate, but not before, [which shows that] they brought the omer and only then ate. Whence then did they obtain it?"&gt; - He [R'Kahana] replied to them: All that had not grown to a third while in the possession of the stranger [was fitting for thei use].
יג אלא מאי דעייל רבעא או דנקא אכתי בחמשה יומי מי קא מליא אלא מאי אית לך למימר (דניאל יא, מא) ארץ צבי כתיב בה ה"נ ארץ צבי כתיב בה
13 Now [it might be argued here also that] perhaps it had grown [in the possession of the stranger] and they were not certain. The fact, however, [that they ate it] shows that they were certain.
יד מתקיף לה רבי חנינא ומי מצית אמרת דהאי אסיף קציר הוא והכתיב (דברים טז, יג) באספך מגרנך ומיקבך ואמר מר בפסולת גורן ויקב הכתוב מדבר
14 So here,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With reference to the corn that is harvested at the season of Tabernacles.');"><sup>11</sup></span> the Rabbis are certain.
טו א"ר זירא הא מילתא הואי בידן ואתא רבי חנינא שדא ביה נרגא
15 But perhaps [the Israelites brought the omer from] corn which had not commenced to grow [when they entered the land], but where it had grown to a quarter they were not certain about the difference between a third and less than a third?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And it was not from such corn that they brought the omer.');"><sup>12</sup></span> - Do not imagine such a thing.
טז אלא מנלן כדתניא רבי יונתן בן יוסף אומר (ויקרא כה, כא) ועשת את התבואה לשלש השנים
16 For it is written, And the people went up from the Jordan on the tenth of the month.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Josh. IV, 19.');"><sup>13</sup></span> Now if you assume that by then the corn had not grown at all, could it become ripe in five days? But [on your assumption] that it had grown to a fourth or a fifth, could [such corn] become ripe in five days? What you consequently have to answer [even on this assumption] is that the land of Canaan is called 'the land of the hind';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dan. XI, 16 (E.V. beauteous land) . The Sages say that the Land of Israel is compared to a hind on account of its swiftness in bringing its products to maturity. Keth. 112.');"><sup>14</sup></span> so [on the other assumption] you can answer that it is called 'the land of the hind'. R'Hanina objected strongly to the statement made above. Can you, he said, maintain that this 'asif' is 'harvesting', seeing that it is written, when thou gatherest in from thy threshing floor and from thy wine press,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XVI, 13. 'From' is taken in the partitive sense.');"><sup>15</sup></span> and [commenting on this] a Master has said , The verse speaks of the waste of the threshing floor and the wine press?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To show that it may be used for covering the sukkah; and the phrase, Festival of 'asif' ('ingathering') here too has the same signification - the festival that comes at the time when people 'gather in' the waste products for the sukkah.');"><sup>16</sup></span> Said R'Zera: I thought I was sure of this,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this thing was in our hand'.');"><sup>17</sup></span> and now R'Hanina has come and put a spoke in my wheel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'has thrown into it an axe'.');"><sup>18</sup></span> How then do we know [this rule about a third]? - As it has been taught: R'Jonathan B'Joseph says: And it shall bring forth produce for the three years;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 21.');"><sup>19</sup></span>